Moses Kagan on Real Estate

How to determine what your mortgage payment would be

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As part of WordPress, the software that runs this blog, I can see the search terms that land people on my site. Almost every day, there is someone asking Google something like “what are my payments at 5% on $400,000″. Figured I’d share with you how I estimate those.

If I’m doing a spreadsheet, I just use the “PMT” function in either Excel or Google Docs. But that’s kind of annoying for someone who isn’t a former investment banker / Excel jockey (and you should see me on Power Point…).

Assuming you’re not one of that sorry brother/sisterhood, just go to this website here. Plug in the correct loan amount, interest rate and re-payment term (almost always 30 years) and click “submit”. The site will spit out your estimated monthly payment in bold black text.

(Note: I apologize in advance for the ads… it’s a really cheesy site!)

Written by mjkagan

05/18/2012 at 5:03 am

When to refuse rent from a tenant

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You might think that your job, as a Los Angeles landlord, is always to get your tenants to pay rent. And you’d be wrong.

There is one situation where you absolutely do not want to accept rent from your tenant under any circumstances: When you have a tenant you want to get rid of and the tenant has done something which may give you the ability to get rid of him.

For example: Say your tenant doesn’t pay rent on the 1st of the month. You post a “3 day notice” (which basically says, “pay rent within three days or move out). Three days elapse without the tenant paying rent. On the fourth day, you should not, under any circumstances, accept rent from the tenant.

Why? Because accepting rent from a tenant in that situation could be viewed by a judge as you implicitly ratifying a new lease with the tenant. By accepting the rent, you are saying “I understand you failed to do what you were supposed to do (in this case, pay rent within three days of receiving the notice) but I am accepting your continued tenancy in my building.” Obviously, that’s not what you want to say.

How do you refuse to accept the rent? You photocopy the check for your records, then send it back via registered mail (return-receipt requested) along with a letter telling the tenant you are refusing to accept the rent. Then, you proceed with whatever action you are going to take (in this case, presumably initiate an unlawful detainer / eviction action).

One more thing to keep in mind: It’s not enough for you to personally understand and internalize the above. You also need to ensure that your entire organization (bookkeeper, property manager, etc.) is clued in. Because it’s super easy for an oversight by someone who works for you to cost you the ability to get rid of a bad tenant.

[Note: I am not a lawyer and the above is not legal advice. If you need help evicting a problem tenant, I recommend you get in touch with Dennis Block.]

Written by mjkagan

05/17/2012 at 5:02 am

One phrase you want to include in all apartment offers

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Almost all contracts for the purchase and sale of apartment buildings in Los Angeles are created using the standard California Association of Realtors (CAR) form.

Overall, I believe the terms of this standard contract are pretty fair for both buyers and sellers (with the exception of the seller’s ability to tie up the buyer’s deposit in bad faith – but that’s another story).

But there is at least one item that I don’t like: The ability of the seller to lease units in the property during escrow. Here is the relevant language, from section 11A of the Residential Income Purchase Agreement:

“A. Prior to Close Of Escrow, Seller may engage in the following acts, (“Proposed Changes”), subject to Buyer’s rights in paragraph 18B: (i) rent or lease any vacant unit or other part of the premises; (ii) alter, modify or extend any existing rental or lease agreement; (iii) enter into, alter, modify or extend any service contract(s); or (iv) change the status of the condition of the Property.

B. At least 7 (or ) Days Prior to any Proposed Changes, Seller shall Deliver written notice to Buyer of such Proposed Changes.”

Now, as long as the actions take place during the contingency period, the buyer does have the right to walk away from the deal if the seller does something really objectionable. But the problem comes from middling scenarios. Here’s the worst one: The seller rents a vacant unit in the (rent-controlled) property for less than it’s worth.

The buyer was presumably counting on leasing the unit at market in order to justify the agreed purchase price. And once that new tenant has signed a lease at a below-market rent, it’s almost impossible to remove him. So the real value of the building has gone down from the buyer’s perspective. But the buyer has already committed time and money to the buying process and may feel compelled to move forward with the purchase.

In order to prevent this from happening, I like to insert the following text in the Section 16D “Other terms”:

“Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, during the escrow period identified in section 18B, seller shall not sign a lease on any unit in the property.”

Risk averted.

N.B.: I’m not a lawyer and this is not legal advice.

Written by mjkagan

05/16/2012 at 6:20 am

Posted in Buying, Uncategorized

Follow Neal and Jodi’s Landlord Adventures

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Jodi and Neal, friends who I helped buy a duplex in Echo Park a few months ago, are writing an awesome blog documenting their experiences as first time landlords: soweboughtaduplex.blogspot.com.

The most recent entry describes their first landlord emergency, involving a clogged pipe and a weekend call to the plumber. It’s a great reminder that landlording is a business and businesses sometimes have unexpected costs / problems / etc. All you can do is just try to make sane, rational decisions, fix the problems, and move on.

Over time, you get better at it and the problems seem much less scary.

Definitely check out the blog.

 

Written by mjkagan

05/15/2012 at 6:37 am

Why choosing a good listing broker matters

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Some people have the impression that who your listing (selling) broker is doesn’t matter that much. After all, whoever it is is going to put the property up on the MLS, maybe have an open house or two, and then collect offers. Who cares how knowledgeable that person is? Why not just hire your cousin and be done with it?

Unsurprisingly, I think this is a big mistake. Here’s an example of what happens when you have a listing broker who doesn’t know what he’s doing:

I just had a client go into and then cancel escrow on a flipped triplex in Silver Lake.

The owner had bought the property at a trustee sale, done a VERY light rehab, and then put it back on the market for a lot more than he bought it for. When we went in to inspect the property, we found some minor things wrong with it, including construction odds-and-ends undone and missing appliances.

If we were all cash buyers getting a deal, we would have gone through with the purchase. But we were using an FHA loan and paying top dollar. This raised two distinct problems for us:

  1. FHA is very wary of flipped properties. If the agree purchase price exceeds what the seller himself paid for the property by a certain percentage, FHA will require two separate appraisal inspections, only one of which the buyer can pay for. Then FHA will use the lower of the two appraisals to set the value of the property, and therefore of the loan they will provide. This increases the risk of the deal falling through.
  2.  FHA requires that properties be in very good shape. In particular, they require that the heater work and that there be a stove and (I believe) other appliances. In this case, because the property wouldn’t have passed the inspection, we were inevitably going to get into a debate with the seller about who should pay to get the property up to snuff, who would stand behind the quality of the work, etc.

What does this have to do with the listing broker? Well, the seller presumably got a whole bunch of offers on the property. On the advice of his listing broker, he chose ours. But this was horrible advice, because it was never particularly likely that this property was going to close with an FHA buyer in the state it was in.

So the seller ended up rejecting a bunch of offers that were likely to close in favor of one that wasn’t likely to close. Not good business: Those buyers have probably all moved on in the five days since we got the property under contract.

Bottom line: Who your broker is matters on the sell-side, too.

Written by mjkagan

05/14/2012 at 9:05 am

The South LA Strategy

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Just had lunch with a potential buyer (hi Bill!) who’s thinking of dumping around $1MM into LA apartment properties. He is comparing the opportunities available here with those available in Vegas, Florida, Phoenix and other depressed markets. He’s looking for a very high, 10+% cash-on-cash yield with room for lots of appreciation.

Obviously, getting to those numbers in the LA market is tough. Because employment is pretty stable in LA and vacancy is therefore low, the prices of buildings rarely get low enough to allow an investor to get the kinds of returns he needs.

Rarely, but not never. As we were talking, I kept coming back to the strategy my friend Larry R. turned me on to in South LA. The details are here, but here’s an over-view of the concept:

  • Buy an REO 3-4 unit property in South LA for cheap, maybe $60-70k / unit
  • Renovate to a decent but not high standard
  • Enroll in Section 8, where the government pays 90% of the rent for low-income tenants
  • Sit back and collect 10+% unlevered returns, or lever up with a reasonable mortgage and do even better
  • Wait for properties in the area to appreciate and then sell

The reason I don’t do these deals myself is that I need to deploy larger amounts of capital in each deal in order to make the economics of my fund work. But I think that someone with some a bit of experience who is not afraid of slightly rougher neighborhoods could make a small fortune fairly quickly doing this.

Written by mjkagan

05/11/2012 at 3:56 am

Posted in Buying, How to

One space available on Saturday property tour

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Just had someone cancel last minute, so we have room for one more.

Here’s what we’re going to do:

  • Meet at our office in Silver Lake at 1pm this Saturday
  • Start with a quick discussion of the numbers behind our deals
  • Go tour 2-3 of our properties where we’ll discuss what attracted us to the deal in the first place, what we did, how much it cost, how long it took, and what we ended up with

Simply put, if you’re interested in understanding how you can buy and renovate apartment buildings for profit (and fun!), this will be a pretty amazing introduction. You’ll also get a chance to meet and compare notes with other investors just like you.

Interested in taking that last spot? Email me at moses@betterdwellings.com.

Written by mjkagan

05/10/2012 at 9:43 am

Posted in Uncategorized

Why we have video cameras at our buildings

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Hint: It’s not what you think.

We have cameras because they’re very, very useful in resolving disputes with tenants. Here are a few examples:

  • We had a tenant in 2516 Kent St. who insisted that she didn’t have a dog. She hadn’t disclosed a dog when she applied for the apartment and certainly hadn’t paid a pet deposit. So it was awesome to be able to email her 5 video clips of her walking a pit bull out of her unit to the backyard (presumably to have it crap there and not pick up after it) and then back to her unit.
  • That same tenant also swore up and down that she lived alone. So it was, again, awesome to be able to send her 5 clips of the three other people she had living with her in her one bedroom apartment (along with the pit bull!).
  • Another tenant claimed the gate of our building had suddenly slammed closed, damaging her car. She wanted thousands of dollars to pay for repairs. So we sent her a clip of her opening the gate with her remote, driving half-way through, stopping her car, answering a cell call, and talking for 5 minutes or so before the gate closed on her car.

I just wish we had had cameras when one of our tenants invited some guests into a building, guests who proceeded to vandalize the backyard furniture. This tenant was paying $550 / month for a $1,250 apartment. Video of that incident would have been worth probably $50,000 to me, in the form of a swift nuisance eviction.

If you’re trying to run clean, quite, nice buildings you need to make sure that you keep an eye on things. And there’s no better way to do that with a small staff than to install some unobtrusive cameras.

Written by mjkagan

05/10/2012 at 6:37 am

Hot rental market = hot market for apartment buildings

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The LA Times had an interesting article a few days ago about the state of the LA rental market. Here’s the money quote:

“Few new units and tight standards for home loans add to the pressure. The average monthly US rent is at an all-time high, and a 10% jump in Los Angeles County over the next two years is forecast.”

As we know from our discussions about valuing apartment buildings, rents are directly correlated with values, all other things being equal. So a 10% increase in rents should, all things being equal, result in a 10% increase in building values.

To put that in perspective, let’s look at an example:

  • Buy an apartment building for $1M, with $250k down and $750k mortgage
  • Rents increase by 10%, so building value increases by 10%
  • Building now worth $1.1M
  • Loan is still $750k, so there is now $350k worth of equity
  • Your $250k just turned into $350k

Now, the above is not rocket-science, which is why the market for apartment buildings is so hot right now. So, if you’ve got buildings, hold on to them and look to push the rents. And if you don’t, now might be a good time to get one!

Written by mjkagan

05/09/2012 at 6:38 am

How I feel about Frost / Chaddock invading Sunset Junction

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I, for one, welcome our new mixed-use overlords.

You’d think I’d be pissed about a developer coming into Silver Lake and building 300+ rental units. After all, the rules of supply and demand would seem to indicate that this new competition will drive down the rents on my units in the area. But I’m thrilled they’re coming. Why?

Well, first, I obviously have a general preference for dense, in-fill development. Sunset Junction is a human-sized, walkable neighborhood. Putting more rental units there will mean more customers for the amazing stores, restaurants, coffee shops and bars that are already thriving in the neighborhood.

Second, the structures these buildings are replacing are mostly horrible. Yeah, they ripped down the building that formerly housed a noted gay bookstore. And I kind of like 4100 Bar (which is going to be a casualty of the development). But I can tell you with great certainty that no one is going to lament the demise of the Bates Hotel. Overall, I can’t see how these new building won’t end up being an upgrade.

I have a third reason that, I admit, is a bit selfish. You see, the new units are going to rent for tons of money. Right now, the developers are forecasting $2,000 / month for one bedroom apartments. That’s a hell of a lot more expensive than even my highest-priced one beds. So my units are going to look like bargains by comparison.

Nothing like a little price-anchoring by the competition to make sales a bit easier, right?

Written by mjkagan

05/08/2012 at 6:39 am